Western Humanities

It is no exaggeration to say that the Romans have made profound impact on almost all civilized nations of the world and their culture is the cradle of many cultures of today (Rao, 113). The manner in which the Romans pick their girls has a whole lot to do with the laws governing marriage at that time. Before a marriage could be considered legal, both couples must be matured; for the girl twelve years and for the boy fourteen, the parents of the couple have to be fully aware; that is it has to be with the consent of both families of the bride and groom. During the Augustan age, families were forbidden any refusal of marriage without given any valid reason as to why they refused a marriage. Marriage between a close relation likewise ascendant and descendant marriage were also unlawful. There were two social classes during the early Roman period; the patricians who were the citizens and the plebeians who were the free non-citizens. During that time, the patricians only marry the patricians and the plebeians only the plebeians respectively as there was no inter-marital relationship between these two social classes. Marriage by the Patricians was considered a sacred institution which cannot be done just by merely saying it. Some manners of consideration have to be taken before a marriage could actually take place. With the direct consent of the gods, the patrician takes his bride from her father’s house to his own residence in the company of a representative of his clan. In this form of marriage, the bride is put under the authority of her husband and her husband in a way becomes her master. The plebeian marriage however consist essentially the cohabitation of a man and woman as husband and wife. Plebeian marriages were not recognized by the patricians as they were not considered citizens and even when the plebeians became citizens and their marriage were legalized, inter-marriage between the plebeians and the patricians were still not allowed because of the religious differences between them. But as years past, their laws were amended and the marriage between the social classes now became possible. The early Romans married at a relatively early age as a girl was considered ready for marriage between the ages of fourteen and seventeen. Her father would choose a husband and perform the required arrangements. Though young Roman children were not forced into marriage, very few children were able to refuse an arranged marriage (Mellor). Betrothal before marriage was considered a good form although it had no legal obligation attached to it. Betrothal involves a girl been promised solemnly by her family to the man or his family. This process in most case is represented by the man giving the prospective wife a ring. The ring is worn on the third finger of the left hand which the Romans believed had a direct link with the heart, as they believed that the finger had a connection with the heart by a nerve. It was customary point of pride with the Romans for the bride to bring her groom a dowry which was provided by her family if she is still dependent on them or by herself. The bride is dressed by her mother on the morning of her wedding day; one of the most significant parts of the dressing was the â€Å"knot of Hercules† who was considered the guardian of wedded life (Rome exposed – Roman Children). The groom is the only one permitted to loose the knot once it is tied and this is done after the wife has been accompanied to her new home. After the marriage ceremony, there is usually a dinner (reception) in the house of the bride after which she is then accompanied to her husband’s house by her family members. On entering into her new home, the bride is carried into the house so as to prevent any bad omen that may result if she stumbles upon her first entrance into the house. Until the first child is born, marriage itself is not regarded as having been consummated. This is because the Romans believe that children are of paramount importance in order for a marriage to be considered blissful. However husbands and wives could tend to love each other as time goes on. The Roman women enjoy social freedom as they could attend both public and private banquets in the society. After marriage, the social status of a Roman woman increases as she is raised to the rank of her husband and is considered equal with him sharing the same religious and civil status with him. Her responsibility however is to govern the home and being the mistress of the house, she oversees the education of her children as well as the slaves. During the Augustan age women had more encouragement to bear more children because of the privilege associated with it. The moment a woman has three children, she would be released form all supervision and was free to conduct business by herself (Bierkan, Sherman & Stocquart, 303-327). One could safely say that the Roman woman was vast and sophisticated when compared to her counterparts like the Greeks and this was due to the privileges given to her by the society.

Buyer behavior Essay

Blackwell, Miniard and Engel have proposed a very generic model of consumer problem solving in their text. The authors have related consumer decision making process as a goal directed problem solving process for consumers. By this we mean that when going for a decision or selecting between choices, a consumer is first exposed to a problem that creates confusion in his mind that what to think. This confusion and problem arises because there is a gap between his goals and the available services and products. In order to bridge this gap the consumer then takes help from the consumer decision making model and thus solves this problem by following a defined process. First of all the consumer recognizes a process and identifies for the differences between his ideal expectations and the situation and state of the product market. By using this problem solving process, Lamborghini can look into what are the main problems faced by consumers and potential customers in the market. Then it can come up with solutions in order to relate with the product, for example those customers who want speed with safety because they use this car for both family and status thus, Lamborghini can market this car as may be ‘safety with speed and status’ (Woodside 1992). After recognizing the problem the consumer then searches for a solution and thus he tends to seek information about substitutes. This is the time when the organization is expected to provide the customers with the information they need and thus leaving an image for them as the perfect solution to think upon. Lamborghini can also target these customers by providing its promotional material and text to corporate heads, business executives and people with heavy bank accounts in order to be the first to be in their mind. As the product is quite expensive, thus there is very less chance that any consumer would avoid considering the alternatives that are available in the market. This is the fourth stage of the consumer problem solving process where Lamborghini can provide the consumers with text and promotional material giving them a detailed overview of their product, its competitiveness and its edge over the other products. Then in the fifth stage the consumer buys the product and then makes further evaluation of the company and the product after the use of the product. By getting consumer feedback and providing after sales services, Lamborghini can come up with new strategies and ways in order to please its customers. As the product is designed for a very narrow based market, thus identifying different tastes, wants and preferences of consumers is very because they can subdivide under different categories. Each potential customer can be provided with information according to the subdivision he belongs to and thus more customers can be satisfied (Bettman 1975). There are a lot of levels in which problems are solved by the consumers depending on the effort they put in while deciding for a product that range from low involvement / low knowledge to high involvement/ high knowledge. There are 2 more levels in between these extremes. However in case of Lamborghini, as this product is a luxury item with a heavy price tag thus the consumers are highly involved. However as far as knowledge is concerned, there can be two cases, high or low, due to the two different target markets that we have already discussed. This is because corporate and status conscious customers want the best without having much knowledge about the performance about the running and speed of the car. The price tag and the brand does it all for them where as sports car lovers do take information into account to a great extent. Here below is a table that shows the difference in problem solving effectiveness of both the target markets. End Goal Considerations Decision Process Using a decision sequence model, such as SOSTAC, develop an appropriate communications strategy (including media and message) for this target market. A decision making model is a model that manufacturers use in order to devise a marketing plan that is strategically designed for ensuring maximum communication with the consumers which will in the end help in attracting more customers for the company. The decision making model that has been discussed in the research paper is known as the Sostac business model which stands for Current situation, Objectives, Strategy, Tactics, Actions and lastly the control of the firm over its operations in order to market its product in the most efficient way(Moner 1973). This model is closely related with the consumer buying and purchasing behavior because the methods of information collection and generating of information are designed in such a way they can be used to promote and market for the consumers, according to their tastes and preferences. This model also helps an organization to realize its own position in the market and identifies the weaknesses and strengths of the firm. Basically the main function of this model is communication. The company first acquires information from the consumers that includes their intentions, attitudes, objectives and behavior towards a certain product, and then the company communicates comes up with a market strategy and plan in order to highlight these demands of consumers in their product. The company has to gather information regarding itself as well in order to see what actually is the current position of the company in the market so that the strategies it comes up with can be designed in the similar manner? A small developing business cannot claim and adopt strategies of a well established running business. In the case of Lamborghini, we will conduct a SOSTAC analysis in order to analyze its true position in the market as well the strategies it can use to market its products. Situation: In this subhead, the company first analyses where it is now. Lamborghini has to analyze itself in the automobile in order to see how the industry, competitors and the consumers look up to it. For this the company should take into account three further concepts that include the Swot analysis, the pet analysis and its competitive position in order to construct the negative and positive side of the companies’ actual position. In the Swot analysis Lamborghini analyzes its strengths weaknesses threats and opportunities in the automobile industry and the consumer market. The strengths of the company are that it has been providing quality sports cars from a number of years and is known in the sports car industry in the world. Lamborghini is a brand name and it has many loyal rich customers who came back again and again for newer models. As the SUV that the company is producing is a very luxurious car and also very happy on products, thus it is easy for the company to target its potential market with few other sports car manufacturers. Competition in the sports car industry between these few players is quite intense because every company tries to focus on the small potential market for sports cars (Dhar 1997). This can be looked upon as weakness of the company from the external side because companies like Ferrari BMW and AUDI are also producing and marketing quality sports cars like Lamborghini. Also as the company is marketing a branded and a luxurious expensive car, it cannot flood the market by mass production and reduced prices. The reason behind this is that along with marketing for the SUV, the company also has to maintain its luxury brand image and the status of producing ‘A’ class cars. Thus they cannot fall below a certain standard to attract more customers. Opportunities for the company in this case are that more and more credit facilitation programs are being launched by banks and financial institutions as known as auto loans and thus the company can target even those customers who have recently been promoted to high salary jobs and thus have the ability to pay for the installments. Lamborghini is also providing such auto loans to customers as well in order to make availability of funds to them. Private franchise owners are also coming into the scene even from the developing countries and thus the company also sees great opportunities and potential in the markets of these countries, again targeting the top notch people of their society. TV shows like Top Gear and Red Line have also aired entire episodes on the performance and the characteristics of the car and has helped in educating them well about the car. Lastly, in the SWOT analysis, Lamborghini also faces threats from the external side as the industry is coming up with new technology in racing and there has been a race going in this regard. Also there is a huge cost of business also involved in research and development because the research and development going on in this field are one of the most advanced levels of researches ever.

From Africa to the Americans Essay

The first pages of Kelly and Lewis’ To Make Our World Anew: Volume I: A History of African Americans to 1880 had opened the eyes of its readers about the real nature of the African race. While discussing the slave history of Black in the Western Hemisphere, he redirect the focus in discussing the great history of the Black people in its homeland in Africa. Prior to the slave trade and during the peak and climax of the numerous Black civilizations that existed, the Black people had managed to construct and established huge empires that were characterized with civilized systems like language and systems of writing. In many cases, the achievements of the Black people during their stay in their homeland can be compared to the successes of some of the greatest empire and civilizations that had existed in the East and in the West. It is just disappointing that the heritages of the Black people in Africa are undermined when compared to the heritage of the Asians or Americans for example. Rather, what is plotted in the mind of many people is the Blacks history as a slave. As the modern world had managed to reverse its perception on Black in relation to slavery period, it is important to note what happened in the past and the real history. Lewis and Kelly with their objective approach of the situation and history had provided us a new way of perceiving the Black people. With their reminders that great civilizations like Egypt that impacted other great civilizations like Greece and Rome, we are now starting to appreciate the beauty and wonders of the Black culture and descent. Today more than ever, we now see them not as ‘other people’ but rather a person that is equal to us that just happened to be created with a different color. Indeed, this is an improvement in the way of life in the modern world. Works Cited Kelly, Robin & Lewis, Earl. To Make Our World Anew: Volume I: A History of African Americans to 1880. 2000. Oxford UP. Oxford. pp. 3-52. Print.

Workers compensation and horseplay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workers compensation and horseplay - Essay Example In order to put up the best defense when the employees have sued the company for horseplay, it is wise as the employer to be proactive and reactive on this matter (Ball 76). One should enact policies discouraging horseplay in the workplace and make sure that these policies relating to horseplay and deviations from work are properly enforced by everyone in the company. Horseplay and other safety policies violations can lead to disciplinary action. The following horseplay policies are intended to help this company to ensure a safe and productive work environment for everyone. Employees should not utilize materials and supplies for something besides their proposed utilization. These materials are evaluated to perform under specific particulars. In the event that they are utilized in a manner where there are excessive burdens, temperatures, weights, and so on, then they can get become risky. Employees are advised not to disable or tamper with safety controls on equipment or hardware in any capacity and refrain from the use of company’s equipments for any reason other than what it was intended to do. Horseplay can be translated into an issue of threatening workplace. In numerous states, there are laws and regulations that secure the laborer from these situations. Employees should avoid losing their job for the sole purpose of playing a joke or taking part in horseplay. Furthermore, the right to recover compensation for industrial disability rests upon double conditions being established. These conditions are that the injuries maintained came about because of a mishap happening sometime during the job, and emerging out of the employment. Failure to prove this would mean that the resulting disability will not be compensable according to the Workers Compensation

Ecnmic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ecnmic - Essay Example Again the prices fell during 2008, which reported a massive drop since the start of the year. These changes are due to the factors of recession that emerged during the last few years. The reasons for such change can be attributed to the demand and supply theory which states the relationship between demand and change in prices. The lower prices during 2008 are due to credit crunch that resulted in scarcity in availabilities of mortgages. The buyers could not purchase because they could not borrow money, thus, a fall in demand was seen in the housing sector. In order to boost the market, prices were lowered down to increase demand. According to certain forecasters, they will continue to remain slow because of rising inflation, unemployment and slow pace of growth. The interest rates during 2007 affected consumer spending. As in the theories of demand and supply, interest rates play a major part. Thus, the impact of interest rates on the house price will have to be established. As the interest rates rose, the number of mortgage approval also fell due to its effect on the consumer’s capacity to spend. When this ability decreases, the demand also decreases accordingly. It was also seen that with an increase in interest rates during 2007, a rise in sales of houses was recorded. Due to the rise in inflation, first time buyers of house felt the necessity of fund as they found themselves incapable to afford prices. Thus, with a thrust in the rate hike, the prices of house were also increased to maintain break-even as people were forced to take loan, despite the fact that interest rates were still high. Growth of real incomes: As there is a rise in an average standard of living, the demand for housing as well as for luxurious properties increased. As people in UK showed a trend to move to exclusive houses, the demand for housing increases with high prices which increased the growth of incomes

Report of Firm Investigated by the SEC Assignment

Report of Firm Investigated by the SEC - Assignment Example On June 2003 the SEC (2009) a reported that a suit relating to securities fraud was filed against Martha Stewart and her stockbroker Peter Bacanovic by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC alleged that on December 27, 2001, a crime of insider trading was committed when the Stewart sold stock that was held in the company ImClone Systems, Inc (SEC 2009). This decision to sell was based on a tip that she received from Bacanovic who at that time was a broker with Merrill Lynch. ImClone Systems was a biopharmaceutical company which was awaiting a ruling on a cancer treatment drug from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A day before the announcement that the drug was being investigated Stewart sold her shares in the company. This sale was based on the actions that were anticipated from the FDA. Both Stewart and Bacanovic conspired to conceal information from the SEC and were therefore slapped with additional charges for making false statements (SEC 2009). Martha Stewart appeared to have an advantage when she sold her stock a day before the public would have knowledge about the FDA’s investigation. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2003). SEC Charges Martha Stewart, Broker Peter Bacanovic with Illegal Insider Trading. Retrieved from: http://www.sec.gov/news/press/2003-69.htm [Accessed 6 Oct

Motivation As A Contributing Factor In Second Language Acquisition Essay

Motivation As A Contributing Factor In Second Language Acquisition - Essay Example However, the issue is that there is no singular, fundamental model of motivation as it pertains to second language acquisition (SLA) that can guide instructors of a secondary language or provide further guidance to students in this domain. Therefore, it is necessary to compile the findings of several notable researchers on the subject and determine if there is a best fit model to understanding the motivational variables that contribute to SLA and long-term success after the learning has completed. It is hypothesized that it is externally-driven motivations that contribute the most influence on whether or not an individual remains motivated in this particular task, rather than inherent or intrinsic motivators related to personality, culture, or needs. However, in order to justify this hypothesis, it is necessary to view a cross-section of research findings and expert analyses on the subject to gain perspective on what drives success in SLA as it pertains to motivational stimulus. This literature review provides research data on the educational environment, personality traits in the individual learner, social constructs, and personal attitude components related to cultural values and beliefs. 3. Definitions Before discussing motivational stimulus, it is necessary to define key terms and concepts on the subject: †¢ Motives – A specific need or desire that will prompts goal-directed behaviour† ... These operational definitions will guide the premise of the literature review on each subject pertaining to motivational constructs. 4. External motivators VanTassel-Baska, Feng, McFarlane & Heng (2008) offered results of a research study involving 100 teachers from Singapore and the United States to determine their level of instructional effectiveness as it relates to second language acquisition. The study measured variables on educator competency such as differentiation strategies, critical thinking and metacognition, a form of self-awareness and knowledge of one’s own cognitive processes. In relation to second language acquisition, it was determined that all three factors related to instructional effectiveness impacted motivation in SLA (VanTassel-Baska, et al.). Teacher competency was measured by the ability to create unique classroom curriculum and assist students in understanding their own legitimate limitations as well as talents related to the task. Why is this data im portant? The methodologies employed by teachers related to their creativity and support (humanistically) in helping students identify with their weaknesses and strengths directly impacted whether or not students in SLA were successful at completing the programme. Achievement levels increased based on the differentiation strategies employed, suggesting a positive correlation with the external environment as a predictor of higher motivation. Gardner (2006) supports this assessment, offering that it is the educational context that determines whether or not students are motivated to learn a second language. The educational context involves the system where the student registered, the classroom environment, quality of the programmes offered, classroom

Zara social media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Zara social media - Assignment Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Zara’s website anchors its digital presence, and its expansive global reach is clearly apparent by the number of countries and languages that users can access the site in. Online sales were launched in March 2012, and the company has expanded aggressively in Asia recently (Interbrand). Zara boasts an active Twitter handle, a Facebook page, and a blog on Tumblr among other online ventures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In terms of paid media, Zara is different in that it relies on word of mouth and brand loyalty, rather than advertising, to boost its sales (Robin, 2013, p.2). While â€Å"most typical fashion retailer[s] will spend 20%-30% of their revenues on advertising, Zara spends less than 0.5% – a big saving,† and what advertising it does do is mostly concentrated on what its windows display on the street-level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Relying on in-house efforts has its rewards, but also its risks. The fact that Zara has little or no paid online advertising outside of company-run sites means that outside groups have a strong say in dictating Zara’s online profile—and in the fashion world, that can be dangerous. Google Zara and the top results include a Greenpeace campaign against the company for use of toxic chemicals, a critique of the retailer for refusing to pursue plus-sized consumers, and complaints of relying on sweatshop clothing manufacturers. On the other hand, the company is praised for its streamlined business model and the ability of store managers to connect directly to local and regional designers in order to stay trendy (Robin, 2013).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, Zara’s digital strategy is spare and risky, outside of owned media, but so far, it is not affecting sales or perception in a measurable way. It is significant to note that Zara does not engage in advertising its products instead, it only advertises when it is intending to open up new stores. The company

Critically evaluate whether Britain constitutes a total surveillance Essay

Critically evaluate whether Britain constitutes a total surveillance society - Essay Example Amongst many countries U.K has invested most money to install high speed surveillance computer and camera to watch out for criminal threats in public. However, surveillance is not so easily accepted by public as they believe it is violating their privacy rights by interfering in their social freedom. It is believed that soon U.K. will be an electronic police state. This paper will focus on covering various aspects of U.K. being a surveillance society in which all details of personal lives are gathered, stored and processed with computer as a data base owned by corporations and government departments (Lyon, 1994). In 2006, Surveillance studies network, a group run by academics compared the surveillance process going on in several western countries and claimed U.K. to be the most surveilled country. The report stated that U.K. does not have any control over its democracy and it cannot give individuals their privacy (Britain is surveillance society , 2006) Since then several issues have risen regarding U.K converting into a surveillance society. In 2009, a report published by House of Lords Constitution Committee,  called Surveillance: Citizens and the State stated that such increased surveillance by private companies and government is an invasion to the nations privacy rights. Nothing has brought such a significant change in lives of British since Second World War. Mass surveillance is like a weapon that can eradicate all borders of privacy. Privacy is important to anybody wishing for freedom. Mass surveillance also threatens to break the constitutional foundations forming the base of democracy of U.K. (BBC, 2006). The surveillance studies network report named Malaysia, China and Britain as the countries with most endemic surveillance. The head of the group Mr. Thomas raised several issues regarding such massive surveillance. He highlighted all the risks involved if this private

Law7 ass1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Law7 ass1 - Essay Example The opinion basically cites the common law protection against unreasonable charge while at the same time encouraging the values of free trade. Hotels are public accommodations and can only exercise their right to admission to a certain level. The hotels may not refuse accommodation to guests for reasons that are deemed discriminatory. They however have the right to regulate the use of their facilities other than the basic by allowing a certain section of their clientele access to some of their facilities and withholding the privileges so long as the selection criteria does not amount to discrimination by reason of race, origin, nationality, color, religion or Condition. The mode of dressing does not make one a minority. The Unruh Civil Rights aims to protect minority customers from discrimination on the basis of factors such as religion, age, gender, color, ancestry, nationality, disability, medical condition, marital status, or sexual orientation. The hotels in California can therefore legally refuse accommodation to a person dressed in a peculiar manner for instance when the mode of dressing may be offensive to other guests. The same applies to other states and cannot be viewed as discrimination. However, hotels in California and other states may not refuse accommodation to a person on the basis of their dressing if the same boils down to discrimination. An example is when the clothes worn indicate adherence to a certain

Physics Essay Example for Free

Physics Essay A thermometric property is a physical property that changes in a known way with temperature, and can therefore be used to measure temperature. The substance used as a thermometer must have a property that varies proportionally / linearly with temperature. [ In other words: When objects are heated or cooled, their temperatures change, along with some of their properties, these properties are known as Thermometric Properties. ] Two commonly used thermometric properties are resistance and length. 2. Water is generally used to determine the fixed point on a thermometer. The fixed points are freezing point (32oF/0oC) and boiling point (212oF/100oC). Upper fixed point is the temperature of pure water boiling at normal atmospheric pressure. Lower fixed point is the temperature of a mixture of pure ice and pure water at normal atmospheric pressure. Generally the upper and lower fixed points of a thermometer are determined with considering the freezing point and boiling point of water. In Celsius thermometer, lower fixed point is 0 ? C and upper fixed point is 100 ? C, in Fahrenheit thermometer lower fixed point is determined as 32. They need no power source. Disadvantages: If it so happens that the thermometer falls and breaks, a spill of mercury in a doctors office, school or home environment poses significant health hazards. Exposure could result in serious damage to kidneys, lungs, brain, heart and immune system. Digital Thermometers Digital thermometers use thermocouples or thermistors to sense the change in temperature and display the temperature on a digital display. There are a number of different types of digital thermometers therefore the temperature ranges vary. Advantages: Digital thermometers are easy to use. When using a digital thermometer you won’t be exposed to mercury. Disadvantages: Dead batteries are a drawback of digital thermometers. It is hard to determine how much power is left in a digital thermometers battery, which in turn makes it difficult to predict when it will die. Because they are specialized batteries, it is hard to locate replacements. And close-to-dying batteries will provide inaccurate readings. Outdoor Thermometers Outdoor thermometers are used to measure the temperature of the surrounding air. Temperature ranges from -58of/-50oc to 158of/ 70oC. Advantages: Low battery consumption. High stability and accuracy. Disadvantages: If an object is considerably close to the outdoor thermometer it can influence the actual temperature of the surrounding air. Thermocouple Thermometer A thermocouple thermometer is a device for measuring temperature consisting of a pair of wires of different metals or semiconductors joined at both ends. One junction is at the temperature to be measured, the second at a fixed temperature. The electromotive force generated depends upon the temperature difference. Temperature ranges from 200oC to 2,600oC. Advantages: It is very responsive to rapidly changing temperatures due to its low thermal capacity. The low thermal capacity is due to its low mass and metals are good conductors of electricity. As the output is an electrical impulse it can be connected to a suitable electrical equipment for checking rapid or sudden temperature changes. Disadvantages: It is extremely expensive. Generates low signal which is non-linear Must be assembled with care to avoid considerable noise levels. II. Thermal Expansion Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature. When a substance is heated, its particles begin moving more and thus usually maintain a greater average separation. Materials which contract with increasing temperature are rare; this effect is limited in size, and only occurs within limited temperature ranges. The degree of expansion divided by the change in temperature is called the materials coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature. 1. Thermal Expansion of Solids Heating a solid makes it particles vibrate vigorously. As these vibrations become larger the molecules are pushed further apart and the solid expands slightly in al directions. Thermal Expansion of Liquids Like solid liquids also expand on heating. Since liquids do not have a definite shape they can have only volume expansion. Since the container containing liquid also expands with heat therefore Real Expansion = Apparent Expansion + Expansion in a liquid of liquid of Container . When a liquid is heated in a container, the container expands first and therefore the level of liquid decreases since the expansion of liquid is more than that of solid, therefore after sometime the liquid expands and its level increases. The lava lamp above illustrates the differential thermal expansion in liquids. Thermal Expansion of Gases A gas expands when heated and condenses when cooled. Charles Law predicts a four-fold decrease in the volume of a gas that is cooled from room temperature to the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77 K). If the gas inside the balloon condenses into a volatile liquid at or around 77 K, the volume change will be even larger. Removing the balloon exposes the cold balloon to higher temperatures. The resulting thermal expansion fills the balloon to its original size again. Liquid nitrogen or dry-ice/acetone is poured over a balloon. 2. Thermal Expansion Real-life applications Engine Coolant Another example of thermal expansion on the part of a liquid can be found inside the cars radiator. If the radiator is topped off with coolant on a cold day, an increase in temperature could very well cause the coolant to expand until it overflows. In the past, this produced a problem for car owners, because car engines released the excess volume of coolant onto the ground, requiring periodic replacement of the fluid. Later-model cars, however, have an overflow container to collect fluid released as a result of volume expansion. As the engine cools down again, the container returns the excess fluid to the radiator, thus, recycling it. This means that newer cars are much less prone to overheating as older cars. Combined with improvements in radiator fluid mixtures, which act as antifreeze in cold weather and coolant in hot, the recycling process has led to a significant decrease in breakdowns related to thermal expansion. Building Settlement All pipes and vessels expand and contract in direct proportion to a temperature change. Whenever pipes are routed across structural movement joints in buildings, roads, bridges etc. , they will be subjected to displacements. Expansion ;amp; building settlement products are installed to control this thermally induced expansion and contraction, and pipe movements caused by structural settlement. Pipe Solutions are able to offer technical advice or a full design, for any expansion or building movement problem. Expansion Joints are used to physically compensate for the movements of the pipework. They can be designed to suit almost any combination of working temperature, pressure and movement capability. 3. The Design of a Bimetallic Strip A bimetallic strip is used to convert a temperature change into mechanical displacement. The strip consists of two strips of different metals which expand at different rates as they are heated, usually steel and copper, or in some cases brass instead of copper. The strips are joined together throughout their length by riveting, brazing or welding. The different expansions force the flat strip to bend one way if heated, and in the opposite direction if cooled below its initial temperature. The metal with the higher coefficient of thermal expansion is on the outer side of the curve when the strip is heated and on the inner side when cooled. The sideways displacement of the strip is much larger than the small lengthways expansion in either of the two metals. This effect is used in a range of mechanical and electrical devices. In some applications the bimetal strip is used in the flat form. In others, it is wrapped into a coil for compactness. The greater length of the coiled version gives improved sensitivity. The operation of the bimetallic strip relies on the different expansions rates of the two metals to temperature change ( the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the metals). One of the many uses for bimetallic strips is in electrical breakers where excessive current through the strip heats it and bends it to trip the switch to interrupt the current. Bimettalic strips are also used as thermostats.

Death and its effects Essay Example for Free

Death and its effects Essay There is a certain sequence to life. We are born, we die and the part in the middle is called life. Everyone must die and every religion in the world seems to have a belief about what happens after death. We can die at any age be it by accident, illness, disease or old age. Unfortunately accidents and disease are quite common and cause much more distress to loved ones than if someone dies of old age. This is because of the order of death which we expect. Most people believe that Grandparents should die first, followed by Parents then finally Children. However, the world does not always work this way, spawning the phrase a parent should never have to bury their child. Accidents can strike someone down at anytime as can illness. When this happens it is usually a shock and the grief caused by this can be dependent on the age if a younger person dies then the shock can be devastating but if someone dies in their twilight years then the shock is greatly reduced as the family is half expecting it and they have led a full life. When someone dies, people cope with it in different ways. Some people cry and sob while others will quietly sit and contemplate. In other instances, people will go into denial and refuse to believe that their loved one is gone. This type of denial is aided by the fact that we do not have to deal with death directly, more often than not we will arrange for a funeral director to plan and take care off everything. Many people tell their loved ones how they feel everyday, this allows them to be secure in that their loved one will not die without them knowing they love them. People do not like for someone to die if they have not told them all that they should have or have ended their last conversation in an argument. They begin to have that underlying feeling of guilt and foreboding. To know that someone knows what you are going through is a great help to the bereaved, friends can come over and offer their support and allow the person to explain how they feel. The whole idea of talking to someone is the basis of therapy and can offer some relief through sympathy/empathy. Funerals, after they have been arranged are often held within the week of the person dying. This is to offer some finality to the whole process and to let the relatives to decide whether they want an open coffin or closed coffin funeral. Funerals vary from one Christian denomination to another but they all have a glimmer of hope in them for the relatives and friends. The hope of eternal life in the presence of God allows the church to help the bereaved deal with their loss by encouraging them to believe that they will be reunited with them after they die. In a funeral, the coffin is carried from its method of transport to the church (this is usually a hearse, but can be a horse-drawn carriage) by the pall-bearers. These are often the male members of the family who were closest to the deceased. I am the Resurrection and the Life. He who believes in Me will live, even though he dies; and whoever lives and believes in me will never die. (John 11:25-26) The above verses from John 11 are often read. These words are used to comfort the bereaved as they speak of eternal life and love. There are also often hymns, prayers for the person who has died and other Bible readings. The priest will then give a short sermon on the Christian beliefs of life after death. Eulogies are also often read out by a member of the family or a close friend. A eulogy is a short speech about the life of the person who has died. It is traditional to wear black clothing at funerals. This is not required however and some families will request that guests do not dress in this way. A Roman Catholic funeral also includes a Requiem Mass. For this, the priest will wear white vestments and the coffin will be covered in a white pall. The coffin is sprinkled with Holy Water and the priest says: In the waters of baptism (name) died with Christ, and rose with him to new life. May s/he now share with him in eternal glory. The coffin is then sprinkled again and later perfumed with incense. After the funeral, many Christians put on a meal for guests to thank them for coming. In the case of Roman Catholics and many Irish Christians, a wake will be put on. A wake is a small, lively party to celebrate the persons passing into Heaven and their life. Of course, the person who all this was held for does not realise. The deceased person is not really there and only an empty shell remains. There are several different, but equally important reasons for holding a funeral. A funeral marks the ending of a human life, as baptism marks the beginning. It also allows the families to go through the various stages of grief. A funeral lets them see that the person is gone forever, but gives them comfort and support from faith. A funeral is used by Christians to be reminded of one of Christianitys main beliefs there is life after death and that God will give us strength to face up to our sorrow. Graves are also often erected. These graves are permanent markers to the person and can last hundreds of years. It is very interesting to walk around a cemetery and see the impact someone has made on another persons life as some graves have monumental tombstones on them. These come at a huge price and it is amazing to see that someone has paid so much money for something the deceased will never see In Christian terms, there are two places after you die, Heaven and Hell. There is much debate about whether Heaven and Hell are actual places. The Literalists believe it is as the bible clearly mentions it in the New Testament. According to older theories, Heaven is a place where those who are sinless go to be with God and everyone is happy. On the other hand, Hell was meant to be a place of fire and brimstone where everyone suffered for their sins. Now here is where the argument comes in. Many people say that Hell cannot exist because it is impossible for such a loving and forgiving God to create a place of suffering. Some Christians also believe that Heaven and Hell are not so much places as states of mind. Heaven is where you are at peace and can be with God and Hell is where you are confined and isolated from the warmth of Gods love. A modern story of the literal differences between Heaven and Hell goes as follows: A man dies and is greeted by St. Peter at the gates of Heaven. The man asks if he can see both Heaven and Hell before he is judged. St. Peter agrees and an angel escorts the man into a room. In the room, there is a long dining table. The man asks where they are and the angel tells him that they are in Hell. He explains that in both Heaven and Hell, you are treated equally and can eat all your favorite foods from the table on one condition: you must eat them with 6 foot long utensils. The man ponders on this for a moment then asks what the difference is between the two. The angel tells him that in Heaven, people are well fed as they feed one another while the people in Hell starve as they only try to feed themselves and fail. In Christian beliefs about resurrection, the idea that the whole body is resurrected, not just the soul is prominent. Jesus was recognised by St. Peter after his resurrection (see Corinthians 15:35-57), this shows us that when we are resurrected, our new bodies will be recognisable to our family and friends. Jewish beliefs about death are not so different from those of Christianity. Instead of Heaven and Hell, Jews believe that all souls go to Sheol, a shadowy underworld. The Jewish faith also has beliefs on resurrection. According to Maimonides, when the Messiah comes, all the dead will be resurrected and judged. In death, every member of the family is affected. Adults know what is going on, but what about the children. What should we tell them? Many parents explain to their children that whoever has died has gone with the angels. This is often the easiest way as children associate angels with happiness. This reasoning is often why people grow up imagining Heaven to be in the clouds above our Earth and full of angels, it is a remnant of our childhood. However, some parents decide to not tell their children anything. It all depends on the individual child and how they will cope with this new information. Some children can cope with the hard evidence someone has died and isnt going to come back, while others cannot grasp the concept of death until they are much older. All religions have theories on life and death. In the New Age religions, many people believe in the Gaia theory. The Gaia theory was developed many hundreds of years ago and can be found in old texts about the meaning of life. The Gaia theory tells us that the Earth on which we live has a spirit and that all living organisms have their spirit given by Gaia (the Earth spirit). These organisms live their respective lives and soak up their experiences to enrich its spirit. When the organism dies, its spirit returns to Gaia and the experiences it had allow Gaia to create new lives. After looking at several different religions, it is apparent that all have one thing in common the belief that after you die a part of you lives on and returns to something, be it Allah, Gaia or God.

The Three Abrahamic Religions

The Three Abrahamic Religions The three Abrahamic Religions do have some things in common, such as the belief that there is only one God, but they have some differences too. Beliefs in profits, beliefs in who is the real God and things such as those make their religions different. A first major difference between the religions is the book they study and follow and how they treat this book. The Islams have a book they call the Quran. The Jewish population has a book called the Talmud, and the Christianity religion has a book name The Bible. What are the differences in these books? Well first of all, they all treat them differently. The Islams never put the Quran below themselves. They think of this as if they were saying, Im higher than God, and Im more important than him. They also take very good care of it. When they arent using it they have it wrapped up inside of a cloth and set it on a high shelf. Also, no one else can touch their Quran without permission from an Islamic believer. The Quran itself states that only those who are clean and pure should touch the sacred text. About.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2013. . The Jewish population studies a book called the Talmud. They read over this book, memorize it, and sometimes go into major detail of what somethi ng in it means. The Talmud is made up of six sections, called Sedarim (orders). Each Seder contains several books called mesachot or tracts (singular: mesachet). The Talmud. Bje.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2013. . There are eleven mesachot in the Talmud. Each of them deals with many of the different Jewish laws. Lastly, there are the Christians, who study The Bible. The Bible to Christians is like a book full of different ways to live your life. Most people dont treat their bible like a special sacred book. People toss them around, lay in on their nightstand next to their beds, and other things such as that. The Bible has many different sections, some of these sections are in the Old Testament, and some are in the New Testament. Within these sections, there are many, many chapters, and within the chapters there are verses. For instance, I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me -Philippians 4:13. Philippians is the section, 4 is the chapter, and 13 is the verse. As you c an see, these books are all very different within each religion. They study them differently, treat them differently, and the text within them is very different. They also have different beliefs in the coming of God and who Jesus was. The Jewish religion believes that the messiah has yet to come, whereas Christianity and Islam believe than Jesus was the messiah. The Jewish believe that messiah will come later in life and they will be taken with him. The Christians and Islams believe at the second coming of Jesus, Jesus will leave the Jewish people behind and only take true believers as to let the Jews accept the fact that this is the second coming of the messiah, then he shall later come back and bring the Jewish people with him. The places where the three religions think they will be taken after Jesus takes them with him are all different also. The Islams think they are going to an eternal paradise. Jews believe one of two things, either they are going to heaven, or they think there is no afterlife. Lastly, Christians believe they will have an eternal heaven. They also have a specific view on a bad afterlife. Islams and Christians both think they will go to eternal hell whereas Jews think they will go to either eternal Gehenna, reincarnation, or no afterlife. They also have different outlooks on the birth and death of Jesus. Christians and Islams believe Jesus was born from a virgin birth, meaning Mary just randomly by Gods will had a child she was to name Jesus. The Jewish people on the other hand think Jesus came by a normal birth, saying that Mary and Joseph had a child together. Then theres the death of Jesus, which they dont agree on either. Islams believe that Jesus did not die but ascended into heaven during crucifixion. The Jewish and Christians populations believe that he died by crucifixion. Comparison of Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Religionfacts.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2013. . Then each religion has an outlook upon the other two religions. The Islam has something to say about Jews and Christians, Christians have something to say about Jews and Islams, and Jews have something to say about Christians and Islams. The Islamic people think that Jews and Christians are respected as People of the Book, but they have wrong beliefs and only partial revelation. This means that Islamic people think that the other two religions are respectable by what the Quran says, but they think that the beliefs of these people are wrong. Jewish people think that both Islam and Christianity are false interpretations and extensions of Judaism. This means that the Jews think that Islams and Christians are completely wrong in what they do and that they are not following or believing what they actually should. The y think that the other two religions should do exactly what the Jewish people do and then they would be following what they need to be. Then there is Christianity. They think that Judaism is a true religion, but with incomplete revelation. Christians believe that Jewish people are right in what they believe in, but they dont think they have full grasp of everything they need to believe in. They also think that Islam is a false religion. Christians believe that Islams are wrong in everything they do and what they are doing is completely wrong. They are against anything Islamic people do, and would never partake in any of it. Comparison of Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Religionfacts.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2013. . Not everyone in this world can believe the same things, do the same things, or even partake in the same activities, but that doesnt mean they cant sometimes get along. These three religions dont hate each other, they just dont always necessarily agree with one another. Its like they are siblings fighting over where to go out to eat. One of them wants seafood, one wants barbecue, and the other wants Italian. Christians want Jesus to come take them away so they can go live an eternal life in heaven, Islams want their God to come save them so they can have an eternal life in paradise, and the Jewish people want Jesus to have his first coming and save them. They all have disagreements on whats right and whats wrong, but they can sometimes get along. For instance, they all believe in one God and worshiping that one God. They all believe that there should be a certain day on which they worship, even though these days are not the same. They all believe in a hell and demons along with angels . They all have a special book of their own that they study, and in that book is the word of that religions God. So you see, they may have many, many differences as the three Abrahamic Religions, but they do have some things in common that they agree about also. About.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2013. . The Talmud. Bje.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2013. . Comparison of Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Religionfacts.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2013. .

A Character Analysis of Elizabeth Bennet Essay -- essays papers

A Character Analysis of Elizabeth Bennet Throughout Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice , there are many references to the unusual character of Elizabeth Bennet ; she is seen to be an atypical female during those times. Wit , bravery , independence , and feminist views all describe a most extraordinary model for women. Pride and Prejudice is a humorous novel about the trials of marrying well in the early eighteenth century. It focuses mainly on the actions of two couples – Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy and Jane Bennet and Mr. Bingley. Elizabeth Bennet is a vibrant, headstrong young woman who is not too keen on the idea of marriage , whereas Mr. Darcy is an egotistical and proud man who improves on closer acquaintance. Mr. Bingley is Mr. Darcy’s closest confidante and is a very good man who is easily persuaded. Jane Bennet is the eldest of the Bennet daughters who is closest to Elizabeth and is also a very good-natured person. All of these characteristics play off of one another throughout the course of events to create many interesting situations. Jane Austen was the daughter of a minister in a small English town. Her observations about irony and hypocrisy in English society drove her to write many stories of such things especially marriage as that was a prime example of such traits. She herself never married. Elizabeth Bennet’s wit is both humorous and intelligent. There are repeated instances within the story in which she proves her cleverness and liveliness. Joel Weinsheimer believes th... ...64. Butler , Marilyn . Jane Austen and the War of Ideas. Oxford : Clarendon Press , 1975. Chandler , Alice. Jane Austen : Modern Critical Views. New York : Chelsea House Publishers , 1986. Halperin , John , ed. Jane Austen : Bicentenary Essays. Cambridge UP , 1975. Heilman , Robert. â€Å"E Pluribus Unum : Parts and Whole in Pride and Prejudice† . Jane Austen : Bicentenary Essays. Cambridge UP , 1975. Rubinstein , E. , ed. Pride and Prejudice : A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc. , 1969. Sherry , Norman. Jane Austen. New York : Arco Publishing Co. , 1969. Watt , Ian , ed. Jane Austen : A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs : Prentice- Hall Inc. , 1964. Weinsheimer , Joel . Jane Austen : Modern Critical Views. New York : Chelsea House Publishers , 1986.

Regulatory Environment at Kudler Fine Foods :: Business Regulation

Regulatory Environment at Kudler Fine Foods Kudler Fine Foods is going through a shrinking and expanding process in the few months and will be temporarily closing some departments while a new catering service is being created. While some businesses may have personnel issues in dramatic expansions of business, Kudler Fine Foods has a path to follow that will allow all employees to stay employed and learn new aspects of the grocery business. With the expansion of Kudler Fine Foods, new resources will be needed. This paper illuminates the way to this goal and be in compliance with existing regulations. Kudler Fine Foods Obligations to the Employees The decision to use local growers of organic produce and start a catering service will result in the shutting down of some departments during a three-month refurbishing process. Because Kudler Fine Foods operates in the state of California, where "employment is at will', this means that the employer can fire the employee for no reason or any reason," (Greenburg, 2007). The only two exceptions are discrimination and breach of contract. Kudler Fine Foods' Employee Handbook states, "The only policy we will never change or cancel is our employment-at-will policy." The employment-at-will policy allows the employee or KFF to terminate employment at any time for any reason," (Apollo, 2007). Kudler Fine Foods has no obligations under "breach of contract", because no contracted employees exist in the company, so long as no terminations during the refurbishing are based on discrimination. The question of obligations to affected employees can be answered by looking at laws governing unemployment insurance. Since 1935, "federal law has authorized joint federal-state efforts [to protect] employees after their employment end," (Mallor, 2003, p. 1169). The Kudler Fine Foods Employee Handbook expressly states that all employees are eligible for unemployment insurance (Apollo, 2007). Because of this, the affected employees may be entitled to unemployment insurance payments if that meet certain requirements set forth by the state, including being unemployed through no fault of their own, being physically able to work and actively seeking work, (State of California, 2007). Kudler Fine Foods will need to keep in mind that the positions that are being laid off will need to be filled in three months, the company will have to be careful how they layoff the employees, so that the employees do not become disgruntled and look for other jobs, which would increase Kudler Fine Foods' need to train new employees.

Gabriel Garcia Marquezs Love in the Time of Cholera :: Essays Papers

Gabriel Garcia Marquez's Love in the Time of Cholera Gabriel Garcia Marquez, author of Love in the Time of Cholera, depicts his characters by having them act in certain ways, in ways of love and care towards others. Each character acts certain ways to certain people, either to gain respect, love, friendship or hatred. Marquez’s character Florentino Ariza, is desperately in love with Fermina Daza, a beautiful young lady (early in the novel), who promises him her hand in marriage then breaks that promise by marrying Dr. Juvenal Urbino. Although heartbroken Ariza’s love for Fermina would still continue over many long years, thus showing how much he was in love with her. Over the years Ariza would do many things to attempt to woo Fermina back into his arms, none that would prosper. All of the acts he committed, he committed for the love he had for her. Most of the actions she would never know of, for he would never show nor tell her about such things. It seemed almost daily Marquez had Ariza writing Fermina a poem, a song or some sort of letter. Most which would never make it into her hands. Florentino Ariza’s love for Fermina Daza went beyond just loving her. He was truly IN love with her. People can love many people, but I believe that there can truly only be one person you are IN love with. Ariza would sacrifice so much throughout his life to attempt to have her attention. He would quit jobs, and move to be near her or to even just see her for a split second, like he would do when he went to the park to see her walk past. Ariza would finally work hard and become prosperous and wealthy, again trying to impress Fermina. Ariza’s love went beyond the childish love that most of us have endured. He waited fifty-one years to be with the woman that he considered his soul mate. This truly shows a great deal of self-determination and love for another human.

Institutional Racism American Healthcare Health And Social Care Essay

Does institutional racism exist in Health attention Fieldss of the United States of America? If so, will a National Health attention system that gives everyone equal entree to wellness attention cut down the wellness disparity between the races? Is it racially motivated or is it category motivated, or is it a combination of both? Different methods were used in finding the replies to these inquiries: Blind Diagnoses, polling of a random sample, and a overplus of research that has been done on facets of this research. The decisions were galvanizing. While there were illustrations of category favoritism that existed among hapless Whites, the overpoweringly bulk of people denied wellness attention were minorities. There were instances of Doctors non handling the same unwellness adequately in inkinesss but in Whites, intervention was given earlier and more sharply. The pattern known as â€Å" patient dumping † is besides broad spread phenomenon that exists in hapless minority count ries every bit good. All of these things have lead us to the decision that is possible that a national wellness attention system would assist to shut the disparity, but other factors may maintain it the same. We looked at the top two ( 2 ) causes of decease in America: Heart disease, and Cancer, and found that African Americans had the highest casualties and incidences in each class ( Randall, Racial Disparity in Health Status ) . In instances of Heart Disease, a survey entitled â€Å" Men and Heart Disease: An Atlas of Racial and Ethnic Disparities among Men with Heart Disease, † discovered that in â€Å" 1995, the bosom disease rate was 29 % higher than the rate for white work forces, 90 per centum higher than the rate for American Indian and Alaska Native menaˆÂ ¦ † . Tendencies in hear disease mortality among work forces 35 old ages of age and older, by race an ethnicity, 1991-1995 African American males are the lone group that has a higher mortality rate than the norm among that group. African American adult females did n't fair any better, harmonizing to one survey, African American adult females were twice every bit likely to hold coronary arteria disease and twice every bit likely to hold a Heart Attack ( â€Å" Differences in medical attention and disease results among black and white adult females with bosom disease. † . Pubmed.gov. 07/17/2010 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12939228? dopt=Abstract ) . The American Heart Association ( AHA ) stated in, â€Å" Heart Facts 2004: African Americans Cardiovascular Diseases Still No. 1 † , that Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) in 2001 claims 330 lives per 100,000, while among black work forces and adult females, its 511 and 377 severally. For Coronary Heart Disease ( CHD ) , which includes bosom onslaughts, the deceases were 178 per 100,000 for Americans in general, but 262 for black males and 177 for black females. In the country of Cancer ; the American Cancer Society ( ACS ) , the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) , the National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) and others found in a long term tendency ( 1975-2006 ) and short term intervals 1997-2006 ) , Blacks had the highest rate of Cancer than any other racial group. Out of the 17 sites where malignant neoplastic disease originated, inkinesss had a higher rate in 11 of them than their counter parts ( Edwards, Brenda, Elizabeth Ward, and Betsy Kohler..American Cancer Society.Volume 116, Issue 3, pages 544-573 ) . In the 3 most common malignant neoplastic diseases that plague American work forces ; prostate, lung, and colorectal ( colon ) , black males have the highest rate in each Cancer Sites All RacesA WhiteA BlackAAsian/Pacific IslanderA A §American Indian/Alaska NativeA A §HispanicA A §|| All Cancer Sites Combined A Data By Age 556.3 548.9 621.8 332.6 313.3 429.9 All Cancer Sites Combined ( comparable to ICD-O-2 ) A ¶ 548.2 540.7 616.2 327.6 309.0 423.6 Male Genital System 161.4 152.4 231.8 84.0 85.4 135.7 Prostate A Data By Age 155.1 145.3 229.3 81.7 81.3 130.4 Cancer Sites All RacesA WhiteA BlackAAsian/Pacific IslanderA A §American Indian/Alaska NativeA A §HispanicA A §|| All Cancer Sites Combined A Data By Age 556.3 548.9 621.8 332.6 313.3 429.9 All Cancer Sites Combined ( comparable to ICD-O-2 ) A ¶ 548.2 540.7 616.2 327.6 309.0 423.6 Respiratory System 95.2 94.3 117.0 53.7 62.2 56.4 Lung and Bronchus A Data By Age 86.8 86.2 104.8 50.2 57.1 49.3 Cancer Sites All RacesA WhiteA BlackAAsian/Pacific IslanderA A §American Indian/Alaska NativeA A §HispanicA A §|| All Cancer Sites Combined A Data By Age 556.3 548.9 621.8 332.6 313.3 429.9 All Cancer Sites Combined ( comparable to ICD-O-2 ) A ¶ 548.2 540.7 616.2 327.6 309.0 423.6 Digestive System 107.1 103.8 132.0 102.0 72.6 104.6 Colon and Rectum A Data By Age 59.1 58.2 67.9 43.8 37.4 50.0 Colon excepting Rectum 41.7 40.8 51.4 28.4 26.0 34.0 Rectum and Rectosigmoid Junction 17.5 17.4 16.6 15.4 11.3 16.0 ( Table 1.1.1.1M ) Age-Adjusted Invasive Cancer Incidence Rates and 95 % Assurance Time intervals by Primary Site and Race and Ethnicity, United States *aˆ aˆ? Footnotes * Ratess are per 100,000 individuals and are age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population ( 19 age groups – Census P25-1130 ) . aˆ Datas are from selected statewide and metropolitan country malignant neoplastic disease registries that run into the informations quality standards for all invasive malignant neoplastic disease sites combined. See registry-specific informations quality information. Rates cover about 90 % of the U.S. population. aˆ? Excludes basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the tegument except when these occur on the tegument of the venereal variety meats, and in situ malignant neoplastic diseases except urinary vesica. The mortality rates for Blacks versus Whites and other minorities are higher every bit good. These are the unwellnesss that affect minorities, specifically African Americans, more than their opposite numbers. The inquiry now is, will a Universal Health Care system work out these jobs? H. Jack Geiger, M.D. of the City University of New York Medical School stated the followers: In 1990, the American Medical Association ( AMA ) took formal note of black-white disparities in wellness attention. While stressing the likely functions of socioeconomic position and sociocultural factors and nil the restrictions of many surveies, the AMA besides acknowledged that â€Å" Disparities in intervention determinations may reflect the being of subconscious biasaˆÂ ¦The wellness attention system like all other elements of society, has non to the full eliminate this [ racial ] bias † ( Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, 1990 ) In this same article, Dr. Jack Geiger points out that in one instance survey where the participants were Medicare-insured donees, the white or flush patients received significantly better attention. Another survey that took into history 10 Medicare donees in 10 provinces and the District of Columbia, found that irrespective to medical coverage, black patients were steered toward lower cost processs and less intensive attention ( downwind et al. , 1997 ) Another survey found that in 17 major diagnostic and curative processs Whites were much more likely to have â€Å" referral-sensitive surgeries † ( Mcbean and Gornick, 1994 ) . In a survey of over 500 acute attention infirmaries, inkinesss were significantly less likely to have a major curative process in over half of the 77 disease classs that they tracked ( Harris, Andrews, and Elixhauser, 1997 ) There are a legion sums of instance surveies that are available that suggest that when controlled for age, badness of unwellness, wellness insurance and infirmary type, inkinesss suffer Institutional favoritism in wellness care.there

Both ‘Frankenstein’ and ‘Of mice and men’ are concerned with the themes of loneliness and dependency Essay

Compare the way Mary Shelly and John Steinbeck write about these human conditions. In this essay I will discuss and compare the similar themes of loneliness, isolation and dependency in ‘of mice and men’ and ‘Frankenstein’. Victor Frankenstein is the main protagonist character in the book ‘Frankenstein’. He is a scientist who challenges common science. He lives in a big family mansion in Geneva with all of his family. At first Frankenstein’s relationship with his family and friends is really close. When he moves to the university in Igolstadt he writes frequent letters to his family and Elizabeth. Frankenstein has an obsession with a desire to create life. He gets this uncontrollable desire from the unfortunate loss of his mother during the birth of his brother William. Frankenstein studied professor Waldman’s research on darker science and when the professor died it gave him the final push towards creating life. Frankenstein thought he owed it to the professor to finish his research. The research was time consuming this made his letters less frequent and shorter. Elizabeth felt isolated because of this and this made Frankenstein lonely as well. Captain Walton is the first narrator of the book. We learn the story of Frankenstein’s monster through his letters to his sister. He is the captain of a ship on an expedition to the North Pole. His ambition is to reach the North Pole where no man has been before. He doesn’t have a good relationship with his fellow crewmates because he is selfish and reckless you know because in the book the crew threaten to mutiny if he doesn’t let them go back home. Frankenstein and captain Walton have a link between them; they both have this deep imbedded urge to follow their ambitions without care of how reckless they are. I think this is the reason they connect so well and become close friends. George is a young, migrant ranch worker who is reasonably small and has well-defined features. He is like a father to his mentally handicapped friend. He shares the dream of owning his own ranch with Lennie. George is a quite a quite lonely man because he hasn’t got a real future, can’t have any long term relationship because Lennie takes up mostly all his time. In the book George explain how he would be able to live easily without Lennie â€Å"God a’mighty, if I was alone I could live so easy. I could get a job an’ work, an no trouble. No mess at all, and when the end of the mouth come I could take my fifty bucks and go into town and get whatever I want†. Lennie is a mentally challenged ranch worker. He is a big strong man who is impetuous. Lennie and George are a magnet, Lennie is the north pole and George is the south pole. They are completely opposite however they still attract each other and stay together. Lennie is childish and maybe mentally handicapped however he can still manipulate George. You see this in this quote just after George was complaining about Lennie stopping him doing what he wanted to do with his life. Lennie say â€Å"if you don’ want me I can go off in the hills an’ find a cave. I can go any time.† And George relied by saying â€Å"No-look! I was jus’ foolin’, Lennie. ’cause I want you to stay with me.†. Lennie likes to pet soft things he gets in trouble because of this. Lennie is very lonely because he can’t do what the other men do due to him being mentally challenged and irrational. You can see he is lonely from what he does in this quote † Ever’body went into town,† he said â€Å"Slim an’ George an’ ever’body. George say I gotta stay hear an’ not get in no trouble. I see your light.†. This shows that he is lonely and is searching for a friend because he has been left out. This also illustrates that Lennie is an outcast. Crooks is a black busted back stable buck. He is called crooks due to having a crooked spine where a horse kicked him. Crooks is lonely and isolated from the rest of the workers, he has to sleep in his own place in the stables because he is black and in the time of the book there was a lot of racism and it was accepted that blacks were inferior to the whites. He is bitter and angry due to the way he is treated, it’s a defence mechanism to try and stop him from getting hurt however when Lennie is left alone and he goes in to Crooks room he doesn’t judge him by his ethnicity still Crooks acts bitter because he doesn’t trust that a white man can be his friend this parallels with Frankenstein. In Frankenstein the monster thinks a kid wouldn’t judge him however the kid does. Even though there are differences the theme of judgement are in both texts. The monster in ‘Frankenstein’ is a man made from the severed body parts from dead criminals that Frankenstein put together and brought it to life. He has overwhelming strength and is impetuous. The monster is lonely because he is incredible hideous, repulsive and horrifying which cause people to panic and run away from him. The monster just wants to be loved and have a friend he can talk to; he doesn’t care who it is. In the book he lived in the woods for a while and noticed a family called the De Lacys who where struggling to survive during the winter. He became friends with them and helped the by doing hard manual work. Over time the monster saw what the de Lacy’s had and he fell in love with one of the de Lacys. When he told her his intensions she panic and gave him a look of disgust. Then the monster was mad with anger so he burnt them alive. The monster and Lennie a really quite similar they both are strong, impetuous and similar in appearance. The monster and Lennie have similar dependencies on their creator or carer. The monster is dependant on Frankenstein to build him a companion and eventually to be a father. Lennie is dependant on George to look after him and stop him getting in trouble. Curley’s wife is very lonely, bored and frustrated. She lives on a ranch where there no other women and during the day all the men go to work so she is left on her own being bored because she has no one to talk to. This is shown in this quote â€Å"Think I don’t like to talk to somebody ever’ once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time?†. She is also frustrated that her life turned out this way. She married a violent man who she didn’t love. She imagined her life to be full of glamour, fame and stardom. In the book Lennie and Curley’s are in the barn. Curley’s wife is flirting with Lennie. Lennie starts stroking her hair softly then he got harder and harder until Curley’s wife screams. Lennie panics, covers her mouth and shakes until she was dead. A similar thing happens in the book Frankenstein, the monster tries to be friends with William however William panics and the monster accidentally kills him. The structure and style of both texts are very different. Mary shelly told the story of Frankenstein through letters that captain Walton wrote to his sister and at the end of the book we hear the monster’s side to the story. The style of Frankenstein is gothic horror. It is dark, gory and intense. Steinbeck’s is written in a more traditional structure in the third person. It is an emotional drama. Steinbeck uses description of scenery and animals to build characters however Mary shelly focuses on developing characters. In conclusion I believe that both books illustrate loneliness and dependency very well however I prefer the story of Frankenstein more than Of mice and men because Frankenstein is more surreal and is gory which I like. Of mice and men is realistic and quite boring. I think the fact that they are very different types of books that were written at very different times and still have the same themes is quite interesting.

Human Behavior Essay

Human behavior can negatively or positively affect the environment. Environmental settings such as pollution, crowding, heat, or noise may be a source of that can negatively impact the environmental quality, conditions. The environment can be positively impacted by structures, green areas or health facilities. There are simple solutions that can help in getting started with these efforts. Explain how environmental cues shape behavior and provide at least one example Environmental cues are the normal elements that the general public does not control. For this reason, individuals are required to obey the rules with regard to the environmental cues. Examples would be the environmental cues such as sustenance accessibility and high temperature fluctuations commonly upset the nourishing routines of wildlife. A grocery store, as another example can has been sensibly designed to give the experience to take full advantage of the amount of money you will spend by the time you walk out. This i ncludes fundamentals like inserting necessities such as milk and eggs on the furthest side from the entry so you have to walk through additional lanes to get there, placing foods with kid appeal on lower shelves so they can see and request it, as well as placing impulse objects by the cash registers to get your attention while waiting in line. Even the smell drifting from the bakery has been intended to increase the amount of items in your shopping cart. The human mind typically takes part in certain actions centered on the familiar environmental cues and patterns. If people gather in an environment where the use of drugs is rampant, this means that majority of the population will take on to this behavior without bearing in mind the harmful effects that their acts could have in the long run. This means that human beings have a part of planting something in the environment that can generate change and reduce the negative effects that are currently experienced. A good model would be  implementation of a practice to make use of decomposable bags for grocery shopping as a replacement for the disposable plastics. This is because the plastics ordinarily have harmful effects on the environment in several ways. People typically do not dispose of the correctly and they have the potential of being a health risk to animals if they happen to swallow them while eating. The implementation of this method will influence the environment positively in the long run because the behaviors of people will change accordingly. Evaluate how behavior can be modified to support sustainability and how this can limit a negative impact on the environment Behavior can be modified for example in our daily activities. Most people wake up in the more and brush their teeth as well as shower. Both of these activities require using water. Instead of letting the water run constantly while engaging in these activities a person can turn the water off while brushing and only use as needed or when showering rinse with the water to get wet then turn off while lathering up and back onto rinse off. This will all lessen the time the water is being used for less waste. When grocery shopping a person can elect to use either paper or their own environmentally safe bags for shopping. Sometimes a person tends to utilize their car out of habit and convenience. Instead of driving to the corner store a person may elect to walk or ride a bicycle. This in turn will reduce the amount of pollutants released in the air, also affording exercise for the individual. Describe how social norms influence behavior and beliefs about the environment Social norms affect t he method in which people conduct themselves, depending on the communal experiences and what the society expects of them. With the current generation nonetheless, these social norms have been washed away in many communities and this has had a very negative impact on the environment as well as the society at large. For instance, smoking was strictly prohibited for students and other younger generations. This is currently not the case as campus students are leading in smoking. This on the other hand has impacted the environment in a negative manner. Smoking on campus is still a problem and imposes a health risk for students and negative environmental impacts. There is a need to protect students, faculty and staff from exposure to second hand smoke on college campuses and create anticipation that this living and working environment be smoke free.  The argument that a person who smokes in the campus exposes the other nonsmokers to second hand smoke, something which can have negative effects to both their health. There are policies that can be implemented in campus to lessening the rate of smoking and chan ge the current attitudes of students towards this act. This is actually proven from the findings that students who study in areas where smoking is prohibited do not smoke at all in their entire lives. Smoking on campus has become widespread in spite of the health and environmental effects that are connected with this act. This is something that is raising voices of many advocates and particularly because of the negative effects that are connected with it. The worst part is that the people who do not smoke are also affected from the discharged smoke. It is consequently significant to come up with guidelines that will help in removing this act. This is the only way in which the environment will be kept and the health effects connected with smoking with diminish considerably. Identify at least two possible solutions that could successfully change behavior and habits in order to lessen negative environmental impact There are several possible solutions to possibly change the behaviors and habits that negatively affect the environment. The option of utilizing public transportation in turns reduces the fact of at least one extra vehicle being on the road that will cause pollution. Once people get rid of the negative associations that come with using public transportation. Another method would be to use energy efficient appliances. An individual can start off by replacing all the light bulbs in the house with energy efficient ones. Also replacing appliances to conserve the environment over a period of time. There are many things that individuals can do on a daily basis to positively impact the environment. It may be easier to start out in small steps maybe within the individual household, then work towards others on the outside. Any step or effort made is a positive step in the right direction. Changing the behavior and effects on the environment takes the work of all individuals that share this Earth. One person can only make so much of a difference. References Festinger, L. (2009). An Introduction to the Theory of Dissonance Vergragt, P. (2006). How Technology Could Contribute to a Sustainable World. Vries, H.  D., Backbier, E., Kok, G. and Dijkstra, M. (2006), The Impact of Social Influences in the Context of Attitude, Self-Efficacy, Intention, and Previous Behavior as Predictors of Smoking Onset. Journal of Applied Social Psychology

Paper of dream

Professor Jarvis The Dream Freud believed the dream to be composed of two parts, the manifest and the latent content. The manifest content can be thought of as what a person would remember as soon as they wake and what they would consciously describe to someone else when recalling the dream. That's all the stuff that literally happens in the dream. Freud suggested that the manifest content possessed no meaning whatsoever because it was a disguised representation of the true thought underlying the dream.The latent content holds the true meaning of the dream, and the forbidden thoughts and the unconscious desires. These appear in the manifest content but will be disguised and unrecognizable. Although in rare cases the manifest and latent content can be indistinguishable. Freud believed that the latent content of dreams is suppressed and hidden by the subconscious mind in order to protect the individual from thoughts and feelings that are hard to cope with. By uncovering the hidden mean ing of it, Freud believed that people could better nderstand their problems and resolve the issues that create difficulties in their lives.I dreamed that once I was an older man playing in the major leagues and was on my way to the hall of fame when all of a sudden while I was taking a flight to the particular area where my game was held the plain had a tragic crash. Freud insisted that dreams are a form of fulfilling suppressed wishes. If a wish goes unsatisfied during the dreamer's normal day, the mind reacts to this ‘internal stimuli' by transforming it into a visual fantasy, allowing the dreamer to satisfy his or her esire. The result of which is a peaceful night's sleep.This makes me think that the concept of Freud's theory is accurate because of the way the content worked when I woke up and how my thoughts worked. I was so scared but was understanding by how the dream worked. Freud's theory is completely valid because it makes sense when we fall asleep and your curtains are drawn, the dream acts as a protector to you. It calms the mind and relates to your thought and wishes and doing bad or good things while you are asleep. Freud's work was solely concerned with nternal stimuli.Essentially, for a person to continue to sleep undisturbed strong negative emotions, forbidden thoughts and unconscious desires have to be disguised or censored in some form or another. Otherwise, confronted by these, the dreamer would become distressed and they would eventually wake up. Therefore the dream, if understood correctly, could lead to a greater understanding of the dreamer's subconscious. During my dream I felt very special but the night that I fell asleep I was in a stressed mood and anger was drawn in my veins.It seemed as if the dream acted as a barrier as Freud states in his theory, I woke up feeling like a new person and it comtorted me. While the plane was talling in my dream I nad a weird feeling before that I couldn't believe the certain tragedy was about to happen but waking up and knowing I was alive changed my whole aspect of looking towards life. Freud makes me thing of when I fall asleep what dream I have a what I can do to notice what is wrong with me or what problem is running through my mind.If I have mental dream with violence I will be able to state my well being and know what wrong with me. I can help get therapy for a certain bad dream I had and why it took place. I completed agree with Freud's theory and will take it step by step each dream. We have learned many things in this analysis of Freud. We have discussed the importance of Freud's dream content theory and what their meanings include. Over the course of study in Structure of Mind and Behavior, we have learned about mental and psychological histories and incidents that relate to Freud's dream theory in a eneral way.

The Dim Lighting Company Case Analysis

The Dim Lighting is facing a major decision. They are deciding whether or not to undertake a new project. This project is an extremely costly and time consuming one but on the other hand it may bring great benefits to the company. There are many considerations that are going into the big decision. Jim West is the general manager of the Dim Lighting Company and is thinking over all the ideas and alternatives. There are some problems that deal with the company as a whole. Does the company want to wait until they are â€Å"going down† to think of new innovations? The company knows that they can’t just sit without change. In an ever changing market, a company that wants to be successful must keep up with change. On the other hand, investing in a major project when the company isn’t in the best financial form may not be so beneficial as well. In theory the company may want to react to the situation but in practice they just don’t have the means. There are some problems micro problems with innovation as well. Firstly, it is possible that Spinks has a major influence on the decision because of his autocratic personality. The other managers know that Spinks is a vital member and losing him may really hurt the company. Their decision may be swayed to satisfy Spinks. Another issue on the micro scale is West’s needs for a profitable year. Jim West needs to see the company profitable after a year of slowed profit. This may cause his decision to be biased. There are a few causes that may lead to a change in the company. Firstly is the need for an additional source of income. The company needs to come up with new ways to bring in income and a new innovation look like a great way. Another cause may be the need for new innovation after the same product type has been sold for many years. The workers may be itching for a change and grab the first possible moment. Lastly, the cause for the change may be the overbearing personality of Mr. Spinks. A change like this one can really affect the entire sociotechnical system of a company. Obviously, the technical subsystem of the company would be changed to focus on outputting a new product. In addition, the company currently has a traditional structure if indeed the change does take place the structure will change. As far as the psychosocial subsystem, there are some behavioral problems displayed in the case that can really have a negative effect on the company. The stubbornness of Spinks is just one example of such a behavior. The goals and values of the company and parent company seem to be making income with no need for innovation. The parent company didn’t want to support this change. If the change is made the whole goal of the company will be changes. Lastly, the managerial subsystem will be affected as well. The way the management deals with things will be altered for good. (Brown, 2011) There are some alternative plans that West should consider. Firstly, West should consider a compromise with Spinks and his proposed plans. He can suggest that the project be spread over four years instead of two. He can also tell Spinks that he had to lower the budget a little to make the project feasible. Another option would be to find a private investor. There are people who will invest in new products in the hope of gaining from the profits. If there is a private investor, the company will not make as much profit but at the same time they will save millions on research and development. One last idea, the company can lay out the benefits and pluses of the new product and represent it to the parent company. Perhaps the company will decide to contribute to the funds. There are a few things that should be recommended to West. Firstly, he needs to be very cautious around Spinks. He needs Spinks in the company because of his many attributes. He needs to validate Spinks and be sure to work with him and not against him. Angering Spinks may lead to his resignation, which would be a big loss for the company. West also needs to be told that he needs to think long term. He needs to put aside a one year income improvement and look at the long term picture. I would recommend that West meet with an external practitioner to discuss the issues. The practitioner can talk to all the managers, hear them all out, and then help the company make the best decision possible. An external practitioner is one that comes from a different viewpoint and position of objectivity. ( Zainbooks. com) Lastly, I would suggest that West be sure to do some morale boosting activities during this time. It is a stressful time for all those in the company and West needs to make sure that it has no effect on the employees and managers. Conclusion: This case was a real eye opener for me. I have not been in the business world for long and never at a managerial level. This case showed me how real issues come up and people can be very influential. This case also showed me the importance of consulting a practitioner when issues that are large come up. I also saw the amount of time and consideration that goes into every step that a business takes. It was a great case to display the needs for organizational development in the business world. References: Brown, Donald R. (2011). An Experiential Approach to Organization Development. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. www. Zainbooks.com, The Organization Development Practitioner, http://www.zainbooks.com/books/management/organization-development_10_the-organization-development-practitioner.html, April 4, 2011

One of the five articles mentioned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

One of the five articles mentioned - Essay Example Violent media is an authentic tool that provides tough mental exercises and the children will learn the merits and demerits of violence to enable them to adapt to real-life situations. Gerard argues accordingly and treats violence as an asset for the healthy growth of children. Unless the child knows what darkness is, the beauty of the light will never be appreciated by it. Children must know the prevailing realities in the present violence-prone society and adjust their life-patterns accordingly. Gerard Jones begins the essay with a heavy stroke of the hammer. At the first reading the reactions like—justification for violent media? Exposition of children to violence? Incredible!—are normal. Gerard’s love for violence goes in tandem with his love for children—this in short is the message ingrained in the essay, and said intelligently. Gerard’s advice to the children is, remove thorn with the thorn. It is easy for the parents to make the children submissive by injecting repeated doses on morality, but it requires guts to tell a child, retaliation is the best answer when you are attacked. A brave child of brave parents will be happy at the recollections of the past, as to how he challenged the vicissitudes of life. No one is defeated in life unless one admits defeat and the child that has been sensitized about the values of violent reactions will have the last laugh. The best educational institution on this Planet Earth is the college of self-education, where your mind is your principal and your initiatives are your professors. The highest challenge is to face the realities of life and not avoid or duck them. The motivating factor for the author to pen this essay and come out in support of violent media is his own childhood when he was carefully prevented from having the firsthand knowledge about the dark sides of life. Children should know that there

Mini-Project (Second) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mini-Project (Second) - Essay Example All management projects contain risks of one sort or another. These arise from interactions between the project objectives and uncertainty. A risk is â€Å"an uncertain event which, should it occur, would have an effect on achieving the objectives†. (APM PRAM Guide, 1997) The business, technical and project risks are listed below. The impact level of each risk is stated in the table, and these are given ratings and assigned priorities. Important recommendations are given on how the risks should have been managed. 6. Change in production train specification made it necessary to add another five feet to the length of the new building (only discovered when holding down bolts for the new train were laid out on site). Similarly for catalogue descriptions and specifications for other equipment 6. Manufacturing drawings for the critical long-lead equipment sat in a junior clerk’s in-tray awaiting approval and caused a two week delay and contributing to a later construction schedule conflict in tying-in the new services Uncertainty (or probability of occurrence) is classified as either very low (1), low (2), medium (3), high (4) or very high (5). The impact level is graded and scored the same. The two figures are multiplied to give the priority rating. The fact that not all stakeholders’ roles were clearly defined and especially that the project managers were not even aware of the importance of some stakeholders until much later was a great risk. For instance, â€Å"The VP Production and VP Sales and Estimating were important stakeholders who got involved in the project much later than they should have been.† (Group 1) And, the local inspection authority’s latest safety standards were not taken into account for the paint disposal arrangements. This was a potential environmental risk. The inadequate pre-planning was another great risk and an important part of this was project design, budgeting and scheduling.

Organizational communication and conflict in the workplace Term Paper

Organizational communication and conflict in the workplace - Term Paper Example The Sweet Waters leader believes that firms should install efficient communication channels to prevent conflicts. The Greenwich Tiles manager, on the other hand, believes that firms should install proper problem solving techniques as well as efficient communication channels. Some managers believe that companies should aim at implementing efficient communication and problem-solving frameworks; while the opponents of these strategies argue that they are time-wasting and expensive. The laws applicable in this topic include hiring, termination, and employer and employee rights. These laws promote conflict resolution and communication when companies adhere to their requirements. Organizations may enhance communication and disagreement resolution by training workers, developing adaptable cultures, and developing laws that govern equality at the workplace. Organizations may also use the Tuckman’s team development model to promote efficient team work that leads to efficient communicat ion and problem solving. Communication is the backbone of the success of every organization because it passes information between stakeholders such as managers, employees, customers, and suppliers. This means that if communication does not take place in a workplace, companies do not achieve their goals. However, communication may also lead to the failure of an organization if it is not efficient, friendly, and respectful (Heller 10). This means that companies must manage communication in their workplaces to ensure that it takes place and that it does not lead to conflicts. Most of the organizational managers fail to manage communication in their workplaces because their companies employ numerous employees who have diverse differences such as culture, beliefs, behavior, religion, and schooling (Let’s talk 12). Poor communication in an organization may also arise from personal differences between workers, inefficient